Tooth Enamel Study Maps Lead Exposure and Social Divides in Medieval Peak District Mining Communities

A study published in Antiquity uncovers significant disparities in lead exposure from childhood enamel found in skeletons from three cemeteries in the Peak District, spanning from 650 C.E. to 1500 C.E. Lead production initiated during the Roman era, declined in the 5th century, and saw a resurgence in the mid-7th century, reaching its zenith in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, possibly surpassing levels recorded during the Industrial Revolution. Christopher Loveluck from the University of Nottingham identified high lead concentrations in teeth, revealing that individuals of higher social status exhibited lower contamination, while those of lower status had elevated levels. Three women suffering from severe lead poisoning died between ages 17 and 25. Isotopic analysis suggests most of them were raised locally, indicating a stable trade. Colin Merrony from the University of Sheffield emphasized the study's thoroughness.