Study of 3,882 architecture firms tests benefits of conformity with industry leaders

A research article featured in The Journal of Architecture analyzed 3,882 architecture firms located in the Chicago metropolitan area, spanning from 1928 to 2000. The aim was to determine if newer firms gain advantages by aligning with the practices and frameworks of industry leaders. Co-authored by David Goodman (IE School of Architecture & Design), Salvador Carmona (IE University), and Manuel Núñez-Nickel (University Carlos III Madrid), the study utilized institutional theory, which posits that firms mimic each other to gain legitimacy rather than enhance efficiency. Findings revealed that while external conformity to successful firms decreased failure rates, replicating internal strategies did not yield benefits. Existing firms also gained from external conformity, except during World War II, when any form of conformity proved ineffective, suggesting that significant societal changes allow for greater innovation. The research indicates that architects might thrive by maintaining a "double life," appearing conventional outwardly while fostering internal innovation.