Middle powers cannot restore international order alone

A recent commentary highlights that middle powers alone cannot restore the global order. Historically, effective middle powers have adapted to structural changes rather than resisting systemic pressures. Their most impactful initiatives were built on diplomatic expertise, innovative strategies, a strong connection between academics and policymakers, consistent groundwork, and the backing of great powers—or at least avoiding their opposition. A key element was the presence of well-funded and well-trained diplomatic staff, a capacity that has diminished over time. APEC was established under favorable strategic circumstances, robust bureaucratic strength, growing globalization, and essential support from the US as well as regional great powers. Each success story of a middle power is marked by the endorsement or tolerance of the leading great power.