William I and the Rebirth of the Dutch Monarchy in 1813
On November 30, 1813, Prince William Frederick returned to Scheveningen Beach after 18 years in exile to reinstate the monarchy. Born in The Hague in 1772, he wed Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia in 1791. A general in the Dutch States Army, he led troops during the French Revolutionary Wars but fled to England following a defeat at Fleurus in 1794. After Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig in October 1813, a provisional government invited him back on November 21. He was declared Sovereign Prince on December 2, 1813, advocating for a constitution. Crowned King in March 1815, he later abdicated amid the Belgian Revolution of 1830 in October 1840 and passed away in Berlin at 71.
Key facts
- William Frederick returned to Scheveningen Beach on November 30, 1813, ending 18 years of exile.
- He was proclaimed Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands on December 2, 1813, in Amsterdam.
- The Batavian Republic was established on January 9, 1795, after French invasion.
- Napoleon abolished the Batavian Republic on June 5, 1806, installing Louis Bonaparte as king.
- William founded the Netherlands Trading Society in 1824 to boost trade with the Dutch East Indies.
- He was crowned King of the United Netherlands in March 1815 after the Congress of Vienna.
- Belgian secession in 1830 led to a ten-day war; William recognized Belgian independence in 1839.
- William abdicated on October 7, 1840, in favor of his son William II, and died in Berlin in 1843.
Entities
Artists
- William I of the Netherlands
- William V, Prince of Orange
- Wilhelmina of Prussia
- Leonhard Euler
- Herman Tollius
- Wilhelmine of Prussia
- Napoleon I
- Louis Bonaparte
- Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck
- Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp
- Frans Adam van der Duyn van Maasdam
- Leopold van Limburg Stirum
- Prince Frederick Louis of Prussia
- Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington
- William II of the Netherlands
- Joseph Paelinck
- Égide Charles Gustave Wappers
- Horace Vernet
Institutions
- House of Orange
- Dutch States Army
- Council of State of the Netherlands
- Batavian Republic
- Kingdom of Holland
- Greater France
- Prussian Army
- Austrian Army
- Russian Empire
- Sixth Coalition
- Driemanschap
- British government
- HMS Warrior
- Congress of Vienna
- United Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Netherlands Trading Society
- States General
- Kingdom of Belgium
- Rijksmuseum
- Bibliothèque nationale de France
- Château de Versailles
- Wikimedia Commons
Locations
- Netherlands
- The Hague
- Brunswick
- Germany
- Leiden
- Prussia
- Landrecies
- France
- Gosselies
- Belgium
- Lambusart
- Fleurus
- England
- United Kingdom
- Amsterdam
- Fulda
- Jena-Auerstedt
- Wagram
- Austria
- Russia
- Leipzig
- Scheveningen Beach
- Luxembourg
- Waterloo
- Brussels
- Berlin