The Colosseum's Engineering Innovations: From Propaganda to Social Architecture
Construction of the Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheater, commenced around 72 AD under Emperor Vespasian on the grounds of Nero's Domus Aurea. It was finished approximately ten years later during Emperor Titus's reign and inaugurated with over 100 days of games. A fourth story was later added by Emperor Domitian. The impressive structure boasts 80 arches at ground level and was constructed using Roman concrete for strength. Around 90 AD, the Hypogeum was introduced, featuring a two-tiered labyrinth for lifting gladiators and animals. The Velarium offered shade, and vomitoria enabled 50,000 spectators to enter or exit within 15 minutes. Measuring 620 by 513 feet, it could hold between 50,000 and 80,000 people and remains a prominent symbol of Rome today.
Key facts
- Construction began around 72 AD under Emperor Vespasian
- Built on site of Nero's Domus Aurea palace and artificial lake
- Completed under Emperor Titus about 10 years later with 100+ days of opening games
- Hypogeum underground labyrinth added around 90 AD with approximately 80 elevator shafts
- Velarium retractable awning operated by sailors from Classis Misenensis fleet
- 80 vomitoria enabled 50,000 spectators to enter/exit in 15 minutes
- Seating organized by social class with women relegated to highest wooden bleachers
- Structure measures 620×513 feet (189×156 meters) with 12-15 story height
Entities
Artists
- Nero
- Vespasian
- Titus
- Domitian
- Ulpiano Checa
- Jean-Léon Gérôme
Institutions
- Flavian Amphitheater
- Domus Aurea
- Ludus Magnus
- Classis Misenensis
- Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
- Yale University Art Gallery
- Museum of Roman Civilization
Locations
- Rome
- Italy
- Misenum