Serpentine Pavilion's 2021 concrete base sparks environmental criticism

London's Serpentine Gallery faces backlash over the environmental impact of its 2021 summer pavilion, designed by Johannesburg-based studio Counterspace. The controversy centers on the use of 95 cubic meters of concrete for the structure's foundation, which critics argue contradicts the gallery's ecological pledges. Artistic director Hans Ulrich Obrist had previously committed to placing ecology at the core of the institution's activities. Construction partner Stage One's social media post announcing the concrete pour ignited the dispute. Technical advisor AECOM defended the material choice, citing public safety and sustainability measures like cement replacements and plans for recycling. Architect Thomas Bryans questioned the sincerity of the gallery's green principles in light of the concrete volume. The pavilion, postponed from 2020 due to COVID-19, incorporates reused steelwork, micro-cement, and reclaimed cork. This is not the first controversy for the summer pavilion project; in 2019, architects Junya Ishigami + Associates faced criticism over unpaid internships. The Serpentine's annual temporary structure continues to draw scrutiny amid broader debates on sustainability in architecture.