Restored Spanish Steps unveiled in Rome after Bulgari-funded renovation

The iconic Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti (Spanish Steps) in Rome reopened on September 22, 2016, following a nearly year-long restoration funded by luxury jeweler Bulgari with a budget of €1.5 million. The 135-step staircase, designed by architect Francesco De Sanctis and connecting Piazza di Spagna to the Trinità dei Monti church, underwent a comprehensive cleaning and conservation intervention. The project has sparked renewed appreciation for former mayor Ignazio Marino, who initiated a policy of engaging private sponsors for cultural heritage maintenance, including Fendi's contribution to the Trevi Fountain and various projects in the Imperial Fora. Critics now contrast Marino's approach with the current administration's lack of similar private-sector dialogue, warning that the virtuous cycle of corporate patronage may be interrupted.