Restoration of Giotto's Bardi Chapel frescoes reveals hidden crucifixion scene

A major restoration of Giotto's fresco cycle the Stories of St. Francis in the Bardi Chapel at Santa Croce, Florence, is nearing completion, expected by summer 2025. The project, coordinated by the Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD) since June 2022, covers 180 square meters of painting. A diagnostic campaign involved OPD, research centers, and international professionals. The restoration is funded with over one million euros by the Opera di Santa Croce and OPD, with contributions from Fondazione CR Firenze and ARPAI through Art Bonus. The frescoes, likely painted between 1317 and 1321, were commissioned by Ridolfo dei Bardi. They were whitewashed in the early 18th century, altered by two cenotaphs in 1812, and first rediscovered in 1851. Early restoration by Gaetano Bianchi removed the cenotaphs and whitewash but caused abrasions. A later intervention in 1957-1958 by Ugo Procacci and Leonetto Tintori aimed to restore the original essence. The current restoration has revealed a previously undetectable crucifixion scene beneath Giotto's paint, as well as details in the lunettes and vault showing emotional intensity. From October 2024 to July 2025, free guided weekend visits to the scaffolding are offered by Fondazione CR Firenze for residents of Florence and the metropolitan area, ahead of the 2026 eighth centenary of St. Francis's death.