ARTFEED — Contemporary Art Intelligence

PoLO: Chained Watermarking for Proof-of-Learning and Ownership

ai-technology · 2026-04-27

A new cryptographic method called PoLO (Proof-of-Learning and Proof-of-Ownership at Once with Chained Watermarking) has been introduced, achieving 99% watermark detection accuracy for ownership verification while preserving data privacy and reducing verification costs to 1.5–10% of traditional methods. The system requires 1.1–4× more resources to forge than to generate honestly, and the original proof retains over 90% detection accuracy even after attacks. The paper is available on arXiv under Computer Science > Cryptography and Security.

Key facts

  • PoLO achieves 99% watermark detection accuracy for ownership verification.
  • Verification costs are reduced to 1.5–10% of traditional methods.
  • Forging PoLO demands 1.1–4× more resources than honest proof generation.
  • Original proof retains over 90% detection accuracy after attacks.
  • The method preserves data privacy.
  • PoLO stands for Proof-of-Learning and Proof-of-Ownership at Once with Chained Watermarking.
  • The paper is categorized under Computer Science > Cryptography and Security.
  • The submission history is available on arXiv.

Entities

Institutions

  • arXiv

Sources