ARTFEED — Contemporary Art Intelligence

PAMPOS: Causal Transformer Detects V2X Misbehavior Without Attack Labels

other · 2026-05-11

A new misbehavior detection scheme called PAMPOS uses a causal transformer-decoder trained solely on benign vehicle trajectories to identify falsification attacks in V2X networks. Unlike existing supervised methods, PAMPOS requires no labeled attack data, instead detecting anomalies via a top-K normalized scoring mechanism that pinpoints falsified kinematic features. Evaluated on all 19 attack types in the VeReMi++ dataset under rush-hour and afternoon scenarios, it achieves AUC up to 0.98 and F1-scores up to 0.95 for most attacks. The approach addresses the critical limitation of current learning-based MDSs that fail against unseen attacks.

Key facts

  • PAMPOS is a causal transformer-decoder for misbehavior detection in V2X networks.
  • It is trained only on benign VeReMi++ trajectories.
  • No labeled attack data is needed for training.
  • Anomaly detection uses a top-K normalized scoring mechanism.
  • Evaluated on all 19 attack types in VeReMi++.
  • Tested under rush-hour and afternoon scenarios.
  • Achieves AUC up to 0.98 and F1-scores up to 0.95.
  • Addresses failure of supervised MDSs against unseen attacks.

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