Ion Bitzan and Wanda Mihuleac's Graphic Art as Constellational Modernisms

Cristian Nae's article in ARTMargins examines how Romanian artists Ion Bitzan and Wanda Mihuleac adapted Pop and conceptual art techniques in their 1970s graphic works. The study analyzes the concepts of "Socialist Humanism" and "Contextual Art" that emerged in Romanian art criticism to describe these adaptations. Bitzan and Mihuleac exhibited at state-supported venues including the Romanian Pavilions in Venice and the Ljubljana Graphic Arts Biennale, as well as other large exhibitions in Romania and abroad. The article argues that their practices blur the distinction between official and unofficial art under socialism, proposing a constellational reading of their work as modernisms in translation. Published in ARTMargins Volume 13, Issue 2, pp. 45-64, the piece is part of a Special Issue on Regional Resonances.