HetGPS: Physics-Anchored Safety for EV Charging Networks

A novel framework named HetGPS has been developed to enhance safety measures for extensive groups of network-connected agents, particularly in the context of electric vehicle (EV) charging. This framework integrates learned graph risk with physics-based corrections by differentiating the magnitude of interventions from their directional guidance. An action-conditioned graph residual model manages state-dependent intervention authority, while a physics model dictates the intervention's direction. For EV charging, HetGPS works alongside a parameter-shared heterogeneous graph soft actor-critic policy, facilitating topology-aware coordination that remains unaffected by fleet size. In tests across five nested distribution networks involving 200–3,218 EVs over 100 evaluation days, the Adaptive Authority approach decreased bus-step voltage violations from 3.93–7.74% to 0.52–3.44%, achieving a departure success rate of 99.06–100%. The research can be found on arXiv under identifier 2608.00679.