ARTFEED — Contemporary Art Intelligence

Hesitator: A User Simulator for Conversational Recommender Systems

other · 2026-05-09

Researchers have introduced Hesitator, a user simulation framework for evaluating conversational recommender systems. Unlike existing simulators that unrealistically assume perfect information processing and high acceptance rates, Hesitator explicitly models human decision-making under choice overload. Its modular architecture separates utility-based item selection from overload-aware commitment decisions, enabling more realistic simulations of hesitation and deferral. Experiments across multiple frameworks, domains, sales modes, and LLM backbones demonstrate its effectiveness.

Key facts

  • Hesitator is a theory-grounded user simulation framework.
  • It addresses the limitation of LLM-based simulators exhibiting unrealistically strong information-processing capabilities.
  • The framework introduces a modular Decision Module that separates utility-based item selection from overload-aware commitment decisions.
  • Experiments were conducted across multiple user simulation frameworks, domains, sales modes, and LLM backbones.
  • The work is published on arXiv with ID 2605.05250.

Entities

Institutions

  • arXiv

Sources