EV Charging Systems Survey Proposes PSB Trilemma Framework

A new survey from arXiv (2605.21665v1) addresses the shift in electric vehicle constraints from adoption to charging infrastructure. The paper introduces a Planning-Scheduling-Behavior (PSB) framework organizing research across three interdependent layers: Planning (infrastructure location and scale), Scheduling (dispatch, pricing, grid interaction), and Behavior (user choices of stations and timing). The authors identify a fidelity-tractability tradeoff, termed the PSB trilemma, where each layer's optimization sacrifices accuracy or feasibility. The survey criticizes fragmented literature and simplifying assumptions in cross-layer interactions, aiming to guide future integrated approaches.