Architectural restoration between nativity scene effect and Indiana Jones syndrome

Luigi Prestinenza Puglisi critiques two opposing approaches in architectural restoration: the 'nativity scene effect' (presepe) and the 'Indiana Jones syndrome'. The nativity scene approach, exemplified by Brunello Cucinelli's reconstruction of Umbrian villages like Castelluccio, aims for a harmonious, idealized past but results in sterile, identical historicist environments. The Indiana Jones syndrome, associated with starchitects like Rem Koolhaas at Fondazione Prada in Milan and David Chipperfield at Procuratie Vecchie in Venice, imposes bold contemporary interpretations that blur the line between old and new. Puglisi argues that no restoration is purely scientific; it always involves interpretation. He advocates for reversible interventions that clearly distinguish new from old, allowing future corrections. He cites Carlo Scarpa's work at Castelvecchio Museum as a model of respectful reinterpretation, where minimal additions enhance the original without permanent damage. The article also mentions Santiago Calatrava's controversial work in Naples and the need for bold, reversible solutions in Italy's museum infrastructure, such as the slow progress at the Uffizi and Medici Chapels.