The 1381 Peasants' Revolt: London's Medieval Uprising and Its Suppression
In 1381, England experienced a major rebellion known as the Peasants' Revolt, culminating in rebels from Essex and Kent seizing London. Triggered by a poll tax and fueled by social tensions following the Black Death, the uprising saw rebels led by Wat Tyler and inspired by preacher John Ball occupy the capital from June 12-15. They targeted symbols of authority, executing officials including Archbishop Simon Sudbury and destroying properties like John of Gaunt's Savoy Palace. King Richard II, then 14, negotiated with rebels at Mile End and Smithfield before the revolt was crushed after Tyler's death. The event highlighted deep social divisions and marked a significant moment in London's political history, though most rebels were later pardoned.
Key facts
- The Peasants' Revolt occurred in 1381 across England, with key events in London from June 12-15.
- Rebels from Essex and Kent, led by Wat Tyler and influenced by John Ball, occupied London after entering via London Bridge and Aldgate.
- Causes included a poll tax, post-Black Death social changes, and resentment toward officials like John of Gaunt and Simon Sudbury.
- Rebels executed Archbishop Simon Sudbury and others, destroyed properties including the Savoy Palace, and demanded an end to serfdom.
- King Richard II negotiated with rebels; the revolt ended after Tyler's death at Smithfield, with most participants later pardoned.
Entities
Institutions
- British Library
- Westminster Abbey
- University of Pennsylvania
- University of Texas Libraries
Locations
- London
- England
- Essex
- Kent
- France