Research Reveals Dali's Painting Technique Caused Degradation in Saint Anthony Work

A recent international study has investigated the deterioration observed in Salvador Dalí's 1946 painting 'The Temptation of Saint Anthony,' owned by the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium since 1965. Experts from multiple institutions examined the artwork using various imaging techniques, including macro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and digital microscopy. Their analysis determined that the degradation primarily occurred before the painting entered the museum's collection. The research identified that areas containing zinc white pigment superimposed over layers with lead white showed visible signs of deterioration. This specific layering technique was recommended by Dalí in his 1948 publication '50 Secrets of Magic Craftsmanship,' where he praised zinc white for achieving absolute whites. However, chemically, this combination causes problems when the binder malfunctions, allowing pigment migration. The study also detected an unexpected chlorine layer on the painting, possibly acquired during its 1947 transatlantic voyage to Europe. Additionally, researchers examined Dalí's use of amber varnish, which he described as sublime in his book, but natural resins like amber can exhibit problematic aging behavior when combined with certain inorganic pigments like zinc white. The investigation concluded that the artwork is now stable and has returned to public display at the museum.