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Maya astronomer-mathematician Sak Tahn Waax identified after 1,250 years

cultural-heritage · 2026-07-14

In Guatemala, archaeologists have uncovered the identity of a Maya mathematician-astronomer named Sak Tahn Waax, who lived approximately 1,250 years ago. His name is inscribed at the conclusion of a mathematical equation on a wall located in Xultun, which is 340km southwest of Guatemala City. This finding sheds light on the Maya's understanding of astronomy and mathematics. Franco Rossi, an archaeologist from MIT and the principal author of a study published in Antiquity, highlighted the uniqueness of such signatures. The formula attributed to Sak Tahn Waax details a 260-day ritual calendar and the movements of planets. The writings, discovered between 2010 and 2012, were digitally enhanced, revealing 52 microtexts that likely served as rough drafts for codices, suggesting a site for training in calendrical calculations.

Key facts

  • Sak Tahn Waax means 'White-chested Fox'
  • The formula includes a 260-day ritual day-count and solar year calculations
  • The formula records planetary movements of Venus and Mars
  • The chamber contained 52 mathematical and astronomical microtexts
  • Papermaking tools were found in and near the chamber
  • The four surviving pre-colonial codices were created more than 500 years after the Xultun writings
  • 900 hectares of Xultun's urban zone remain covered by forest
  • The study was published in the journal Antiquity

Entities

Artists

  • Sak Tahn Waax

Institutions

  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Antiquity
  • University of Texas at Austin
  • Skidmore College
  • University of Southern California Dornsife
  • Colgate University
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • National Geographic
  • NewScientist
  • Science
  • Scientific American
  • Nature

Locations

  • Guatemala
  • Xultun
  • Guatemala City
  • Yucatán Peninsula

Sources