Historical Development and Canonization of Biblical Texts

The article discusses the historical development and compilation of biblical texts. Originally, biblical writings were recorded on materials such as papyrus, formed from split reeds, and parchment, made from animal skins. These were often joined to create scrolls. In ancient Israel, Old Testament scrolls were typically housed in temples, with copies later produced for synagogues as they emerged. New Testament writings were initially sent to individuals, specific churches, or regional groups, after which scribes reproduced them for broader distribution across the Roman Empire. By the second century AD, many of these writings were compiled into codices, an early book form that allowed for more portable scripture collections. This compilation process highlighted the need to identify which texts were considered divinely inspired. The collection of biblical books, known as the canon, saw the 39 Old Testament books largely agreed upon by the first century AD. In the second century AD, the recognition of the New Testament canon became necessary to distinguish authoritative writings from erroneous ones attributed to biblical figures. Most New Testament books gained widespread acceptance during this period, with a few facing initial disputes. In AD 367, Athanasius listed the 27 New Testament books as the complete canon, a list later affirmed by church councils at Hippo Regius in AD 393 and Carthage in AD 397. The article notes that the Bible has since become the most copied, translated, sold, and read book in history. It concludes by emphasizing that the canon is divinely determined, with believers recognizing inspired texts through spiritual guidance, and promotes a related exhibit at the Creation Museum.