Elizabeth I's Reign: From Birth to the Golden Age of England

Elizabeth I ruled England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603, a period often called the Golden Age. Born in 1533 to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she faced early challenges including her mother's execution and being declared illegitimate. She received an exceptional education, mastering multiple languages. After her sister Mary I's death, Elizabeth ascended the throne at age 25. She never married, earning the title 'Virgin Queen,' and relied on advisor William Cecil. Her reign included the defeat of the Spanish Armada and the establishment of the Church of England. She died in 1603 at age 69, succeeded by James VI of Scotland.